The modern taxonomical consideration is used for the studied fifty two small porcelaneous benthic foraminiferal species of the Suborder Miliolina throughout the Bartonian-Priabonian belonging to nine genera from seventeen countries in the Norther Tethys (USA, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Italy, Hungaria, Slovenia, Turkey) and Southern Tethys (Ecuador, Chile, Argentina, Libya, Egypt, UAE, Pakistan, India). Two of the recorded species are treated here as new: Massilina saidi Anan, n. sp. and Quinqueloculina alaghai Anan, n. sp. Some of the recorded species are distributed outerside its original description in neighbor localities or even far from it, but others are endemic to their original description. The recorded foraminiferal assemblage indicates an open marine environment, and represents favor warm, marginal to deep sheltered environments.

Hydrocarbon reservoir characterization using well log in part of Niger Delta, Nigeria was done in order to examine the potentiality and productivity of the reservoir. A suite of well log data consisting of gamma ray, density, resistivity and neutron logs obtained from two wells within the area of study were used for this research. Gamma ray log was used for lithology identification and differentiation, resistivity log was used to identify the type of fluid present in the reservoir, density log was used to detect gas bearing zones in the reservoir while neutron log was used to distinguish gas from oil in sandstone and shale reservoirs. The results of this study showed sand bodies were delineated and correlated across the wells and were inferred as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. The result also showed that there is an increase in both porosity and permeability, evaluated petrophysical parameters showed that porosity values range between 0.0391 – 0.3019, water saturation values range from 0.1660 – 1.6740 while hydrocarbon saturation values range from 0.0013 – 0.7296 and net to gross values range from 0.5332 – 0.9674.

One hundred and seven calcareous benthic foraminiferal species belong to thirty-five genera from seventeen countries in the Southern Tethys (Chile, Argentina, Tanzania, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia (SA), Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Iraq, Iran, Pakistan) have been studied. The modern taxonomical consideration of the recorded species is used, which were previously noted in the literatures, while two of them are believed here as new: Quinqueloculina tanzanica and Neoflabellina iraqensis. Fifty-seven species of them are recorded from Egypt (~51%), 19 from Pakistan (~17.5%), 15 from UAE (~13.4%), Jordan and Argentina (~0.8%), Chile (~0.3%), Tanzania, SA and Yemen (~0.2%), the others counties one species. Most of the Southern Tethyan recorded species are endemic to their original description, while some of them are also recorded in some Northern Tethyan countries (i. e. France, Poland). Most of the Southern Tethyan assemblage indicates an open marine environment, which represents middle-outer neritic environment (100 m ~ 200 m depth), and shows an affinity with Midway-Type Fauna (MTF), while the littoral zones of the Middle East represent shallow neritic environment.

This study describes and illustrates the seventy three agglutinated benthic foraminiferal species of the Suborder Textulariina across the Bartonian-Priabonian belonging to thirty seven genera from twenty one countries in the Norther Tethys (USA, England, France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Hungaria, Slovenia, Romania, Czech, Italy) and Southern Tethys (Angola, Tanzania, Tunisia, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Pakistan, Japan, New Zealand) have been studied. The modern taxonomical consideration of the species is used. The recorded species were previously noted in different literatures, while eight of them are believed here as new: Bathysiphon usamai, Asanospira franciana, Paratrochamminoides spainica, Verneuilina hungariana, Martinottiella cimermani, Textularia karimae, Cylindroclavulina spainica and Tritaxilina ozsvárti. The foraminiferal assemblage indicates an open marine environment, which represents outer shelf-lower bathyal depths of deposition. The current activity not only transported allochthonous taxa, but also brought in refractory organic matter to the seafloor, which were in turn affected by sedimentary and, ultimately, by climatic factors. Most of the recorded species are distributed not only in neighboring localities, but also far from it.

This study investigates the basement rocks in Ekiti State for the purpose of geophysical classification so as to delineate prospective area of mineralization within the State. Aeromagnetic data and satellite imagery covering the entire state were analysed using appropriate software. Reduction to equator geophysical transformation was first carried out on the residual magnetic intensity data before the application of Fast Fourier Transform filters to generate some derivative maps such as the analytic signal and tilt derivative maps which amplified lineament and enhanced both weak and strong magnetic anomalies. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were processed to produce lineament density map, which was analysed for various linear and curvilinear features. The study area was classified into magnetic-high anomalous zone (HMA), magnetic-intermediate anomalous zone (IMA) and magnetic-low anomalous zone (LMA) based on the analytical signal analysis. Analysis of the structures showed the dominance of northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast trends. Evaluation of Lineament density showed high value of 0.5203 km-2 around the centre and the western part of the study area, which are also HMA and IMA zones, an indication of concentration of more faults, joints and line of weaknesses which may serve as favourable tracts for mineralisation in the study area.

Uphole refraction survey of the velocity regimes in South-Eastern part of Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out
using a 12-channel seismograph: Mc SEIS 160M Model 1115. The study presents a regional weathering structure of the area, the velocities and depths of the weathered layers were calculated from the travel time of the seismic waves. The data were interpreted using the time – intercept method which revealed that the low velocity layer was fairly variable in thickness in the region, varying between 24.5m and 25.8m, with a regional average value of 25.12m. The weathered and consolidated layers have average Compressional wave velocities
of 944.0m/s and 1907.69m/s respectively. The knowledge from the result of this study can be applied in oil and ground water exploration plans.

North Panajam Paser Regency, Kalimantan Island, which is traversed by the Kutai Basin has very high coal fuel potential. The geological structure, depth and seam model of coal-bearing rock formations in the research area can be investigated through geophysical surveys using satellite gravity methods. Gravity field data is downloaded from the TOPEX website which comes from Geodesy Satellite (GeoSat) and European Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (ERS-1). The number of gravitational field data downloaded was 785 sets with an area of around 250 km2. The satellite gravity field data processing procedure includes several data corrections and reductions, as well as modeling and interpretation. The modeling and interpretation results show that the coal-bearing rock is estimated to be at a depth of 0 – 2,593.95 m for the AA’ section; 0 – 1,877.89 m for the BB’ section; and 0 – 1,558.59 m for the CC’ section.

Limestone deposits exposed at Omi-Alayo and Okeluse Forest Reserve were investigated in this study. 10 representative samples collected from both locations and were subjected to geochemical analyses using X-Ray Fluorescence method. Major and trace elements were employed for the determination of depositional environment. The results for the major oxide contents showed that mean values of CaO content ranges from 48.10 – 48.89% with mean value of 7.23% for SiO2. Fe2O3, MgO and Al2O3 concentration have mean values of 1.56%, 0.76% and 1.92% respectively. Other oxides TiO2, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 are low in concentration. For the loss of ignition, it varied from 35.24 to 41.07 with an average value of 38.69% indicating high carbonate content for the limestone. Limestone classification of Ca/Mg ratio and reciprocal MgO/CaO showed ratios range of 54.05 – 86.46 and 0.011-0.0.024 respectively. High content of Sr recorded for the limestone samples reveals a saline environmental condition for the deposits. Overall results showed that the Omi-Alayo and Okeluse limestone are pure limestone and were deposited in a shallow marine environmental condition and suitable for cement production.

Saline soil is characterized by a high concentration of salts, primarily sodium chloride. It is commonly found in dry and semiarid regions, coastal areas, and locations with elevated salt levels in the parent material. The presence of salinity in soil can have detrimental effects on plant growth, as the excessive salt content interferes with the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. This osmotic imbalance makes it challenging for plants to extract water from the soil, negatively impacting their growth. In Pakistan, salinity poses a significant challenge in agriculture, affecting approximately 6.6 million hectares of land. To address this issue, a study was conducted with the main objectives of identifying endophytic bacteria and determining their threshold level of tolerance to high salinity stress. The researchers employed various techniques, including the isolation of endophytic bacteria on L.B media plates, morphological assessments of bacteria, salt tolerance isolation techniques, and biochemical methods.The results of the study revealed that the endophytic bacteria isolated could withstand salinity stress levels of up to 1700mM, which represents their maximum capacity to handle such conditions. After 24 hours of incubation, changes in colony color, diameter, status, and appearance were observed. The biochemical analysis demonstrated positive catalase activity, indicated by the formation of bubbles in a liquid form, as well as a change in the color of the solution.In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of endophytic bacteria as beneficial tools for enhancing plant.

The pH values of soil samples collected from the topsoil to a depth of 50cm range from 5.78 to 6.64, with an average of 6.284, indicating slightly acidic soil. Water samples near auto-mechanic workshops fall below NSDWQ and WHO standards. Soil heavy metal levels mostly meet ACV and Dutch guidelines, except for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr). Soil contamination analysis shows a high to extreme degree of contamination, likely from the auto-mechanic workshop. Positive correlations between metal pairs suggest a common source and transport to the soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil samples reveals Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb as dominant metals, while Ni-Cr shows negative correlations with others. In water samples, Cu, Cd, and Co dominate, indicating a different contamination source. Soil and water samples generally meet NSDWQ and WHO standards, but Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Salinity exceed these standards. Understanding these findings is crucial for managing and mitigating contamination risks near auto-mechanic workshops.